科學研究認為,如果空氣中飄游的粉塵的濃度達到每立方米含100微克的時候,兒童呼吸道受感染的人數 會顯著增加;含200微克的時候,慢性呼吸道疾 病的死亡率 會顯著增高;含300微克時,呼吸道疾 病和心臟病死亡者 會突增。
這(zhe)些粉塵同(tong)其他有毒氣體(ti)混合(he)一起,在陽光(guang)照射(she)下,能形成毒性很強(qiang)的光(guang)化學煙霧,容易引起各種(zhong)癌 癥,直(zhi)接危害人的生命。如何控制(zhi)這(zhe)些有害人體(ti)健康的粉塵對環境的污染(ran),方法有很多,而大量植(zhi)樹造林則是一種(zhong)重要的措施。
粉塵(chen)治(zhi)理
粉塵危害(hai)是多方面的。粉塵對人(ren)體、生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)、產(chan)品質量、經濟效益、環境(jing)和生(sheng)態平衡等諸多方面產(chan)生(sheng)不良影響。
(1)對人體的(de)危害(hai)。長期(qi)接觸生產性(xing)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)作業人員,因長期(qi)吸入(ru)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen),使肺(fei)內粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)積累(lei)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增多,當達(da)到一 定數量時(shi)即可引發塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)肺(fei)病。塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)肺(fei)是生產性(xing)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)對人體的(de)主要的(de)危害(hai)之一,長期(qi)吸入(ru)游離二(er)氧化硅粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)可引發矽肺(fei),長期(qi)吸入(ru)金(jin)屬性(xing)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)如錳(meng)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、鈹(pi)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)等,可引發錳(meng)肺(fei)、鈹(pi)肺(fei)等各種金(jin)屬肺(fei)。
(2)對生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)危害。作業場所空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)附著(zhu)于(yu)高 級、精密儀(yi)器、儀(yi)表,可使這些(xie)設備的(de)(de)精 確度下降(jiang)(jiang);附著(zhu)于(yu)機(ji)(ji)器設備的(de)(de)傳動、運轉部位(wei),使磨(mo)損強劇,使用壽(shou)命縮短;粉(fen)塵(chen)可以使某(mou)些(xie)化工產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、電(dian)(dian)子產(chan)(chan)品(pin),如油(you)漆、膠片、微(wei)型軸承、電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、集成電(dian)(dian)路、電(dian)(dian)容器、電(dian)(dian)視(shi)機(ji)(ji)、錄像機(ji)(ji)、照像機(ji)(ji)等(deng)質量(liang)下降(jiang)(jiang);使人在生產(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)視(shi)線受影響,使工作效率降(jiang)(jiang)低。
(3)對環境的(de)(de)(de)危害。漂浮于(yu)(yu)空(kong)氣中的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)可使其他有(you)害物質(zhi)附著于(yu)(yu)其上,形(xing)成嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)大氣污(wu)染。生(sheng)物體吸入可引起各(ge)種(zhong)疾 病(bing),文物、古跡(ji)、建筑物表(biao)面會(hui)被腐(fu)蝕、污(wu)染。另外(wai),大量粉(fen)塵(chen)懸浮于(yu)(yu)空(kong)氣中,可降低大氣的(de)(de)(de)可見度(du),促使煙(yan)霧形(xing)成,使太陽的(de)(de)(de)熱輻射受到影響。
(4)對經濟效益的影(ying)響。主要表現在使(shi)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量降(jiang)(jiang)低,產(chan)(chan)品合格(ge)率降(jiang)(jiang)低,產(chan)(chan)品價格(ge)降(jiang)(jiang)低;因(yin)機器、設備使(shi)用壽命縮短,使(shi)固(gu)定(ding)資產(chan)(chan)投(tou)入(ru)增(zeng)加,產(chan)(chan)品成本上升,市場競(jing)爭力減弱;因(yin)粉塵而導(dao)致的職業(ye)病人喪失(shi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)力,醫藥(yao)費(fei)(fei)用、護理費(fei)(fei)用、保 健(jian)福(fu)利性費(fei)(fei)用支出增(zeng)加;在高濃度粉塵作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)場所(suo)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者對健(jian)康(kang)擔心,心理負擔沉(chen)重,比之正常情(qing)況下較早地失(shi)去工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)力,使(shi)企業(ye)培(pei)(pei)養技術人員周期(qi)加快,培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)費(fei)(fei)用投(tou)入(ru)大,同時造成勞動生產(chan)(chan)率的不穩定(ding)。
滄州(zhou)(zhou)藍海霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)廠家(jia)生產的(de)(de)霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),根(gen)(gen)據檔位(wei)規(gui)格分3種:手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)擋,半(ban)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)擋,自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)擋手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 是噴(pen)(pen)水的(de)(de)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)筒噴(pen)(pen)水的(de)(de)時(shi)候不會(hui)移動(dong)(dong)(dong),需(xu)要(yao)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)噴(pen)(pen)灑方向變動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)時(shi)候需(xu)要(yao)用手(shou)人工(gong)移動(dong)(dong)(dong);半(ban)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong) 是噴(pen)(pen)灑的(de)(de)時(shi)候可以左右(you)平(ping)行移動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)灑; 是可以上下(xia)、左右(you)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)灑;半(ban)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he) 的(de)(de)有遙控(kong)器。根(gen)(gen)據電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種類分為(wei)3種:鋁電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),國標電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)根(gen)(gen)據水平(ping)(無(wu)風)噴(pen)(pen)射(she)揚程距離,分為(wei):30米(mi)(mi),40米(mi)(mi),50米(mi)(mi),60米(mi)(mi),80米(mi)(mi),100米(mi)(mi)等所以,滄州(zhou)(zhou)藍海霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)廠家(jia)銷售的(de)(de)霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),分為(wei):30米(mi)(mi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),30米(mi)(mi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),30米(mi)(mi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)半(ban)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),60米(mi)(mi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),60米(mi)(mi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)半(ban)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等等……類似這種。其(qi)中銷售較多的(de)(de)規(gui)格為(wei)30米(mi)(mi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),60米(mi)(mi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 霧(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等